Why Should Learn Docker

What is Docker?

Docker is an open platform for developing, shipping, and running applications. Docker enables you to separate your applications from your infrastructure so you can deliver software quickly. With Docker, you can manage your infrastructure in the same ways you manage your applications. By taking advantage of Docker’s methodologies for shipping, testing, and deploying code quickly, you can significantly reduce the delay between writing code and running it in production.

Docker Architecture

Docker uses a client-server architecture. The Docker client talks to the Docker daemon, which does the heavy lifting of building, running, and distributing your Docker containers. The Docker client and daemon can run on the same system, or you can connect a Docker client to a remote Docker daemon. The Docker client and daemon communicate using a REST API, over UNIX sockets or a network interface. Another Docker client is Docker Compose, that lets you work with applications consisting of a set of containers. More information please follow Docs Docker.

Start using Docker

Run Docker Command

The following command run a hello_world container.

1

docker run --name hello_world -d piinalpin/sample-node-web-app

• If you don’t have the piinalpin/sample-node-web-app image locally, docker pulls it from your configured registry, as though you had run docker pull piinalpin/sample-node-web-app manually.

• Docker create a new container hello_world from image piinalpin/sample-node-web-app

Let’s get into the container.

1

docker exec -it hello_world /bin/sh

Run a simple command to get list folder in work directory by type the following command.

1

ls -l && cat server.js

We will get an output.

 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

total 40
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root           392 May 19 08:30 Dockerfile
drwxr-xr-x   62 root     root          4096 May 19 08:26 node_modules
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root            81 May 19 08:00 package-lock.json
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root           300 May 19 08:08 package.json
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root           343 May 19 08:16 server.js
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root         17266 May 19 08:08 yarn.lock
var express = require('express');
var app = express();
const PORT = 8080;
const HOST = '0.0.0.0';

app.get('/', (req, res, next) => {
    const data = {
        'status': 'success',
        'message': 'Hello World! This api from Node.js'
    };
    res.json(data);
});

app.listen(PORT, HOST);
console.log(`Running on http://${HOST}:${PORT}`);

• Inside the container there is a folder node_modules and Dockerfile package-lock.json package.json server.js yarn.lock files

• The server is using express.js and running on port 8080

Show linux distribution

The following command use to show linux distribution inside container.

1

cat /etc/os-release

We will get an output

1
2
3
4
5
6

NAME="Alpine Linux"
ID=alpine
VERSION_ID=3.11.11
PRETTY_NAME="Alpine Linux v3.11"
HOME_URL="https://alpinelinux.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.alpinelinux.org/"

This image use Linux Alpine which the operating system is very light. And then let’s testing the server API by type the following command

1

curl http://localhost:8080

We should get an output

1

curl: not found

Thats mean, on Linux Alpine distribution didn’t have curl command. We should install it by type the following command.

1
2
3

apk update
apk search curl
apk add curl

Then, test again the API server by type a command curl http://localhost:8080. And we should get an output.

1

{"status":"success","message":"Hello World! This api from Node.js"}

Expose Container PORT to Host PORT

If we want to access the container from host, we should expose the container port to host port by type a command docker run -p <HOST_PORT>:<CONTAINER_PORT> --name <CONTAINER_NAME> -d <IMAGE>

1

docker run -p 8001:8080 --name hello_world2 -d piinalpin/sample-node-web-app

• Docker create a new container hello_world2 from image piinalpin/sample-node-web-app

• Docker expose port 8080 from container to 8001 host port and we can access from host

Check the container is already running by type following command

1

docker ps

We should get an output

1
2
3

CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                           COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS                                       NAMES
ec819086e2a5   piinalpin/sample-node-web-app   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   27 minutes ago       Up 27 minutes       0.0.0.0:8001->8080/tcp, :::8001->8080/tcp  hello_world2
d81a2784edaf   piinalpin/sample-node-web-app   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   About an hour ago    Up About an hour    8080/tcp                                    hello_world

Let’s test the server API from the host by type following command

1

curl http://localhost:8001

We should get an output

1

{"status":"success","message":"Hello World! This api from Node.js"}%

Build Image

We will build an image which running a Node.js server. If you don’t have a Node.js install from Node.js.

Create a simple node application. First we will install the dependencies, we will use an express.js module by type a command npm install express or yarn add express

Then create a server.js like following script

 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
14
15

var express = require('express');
var app = express();
const PORT = 8080;
const HOST = '0.0.0.0';

app.get('/', (req, res, next) => {
    const data = {
        'status': 'success',
        'message': 'Hello World! This api from Node.js'
    };
    res.json(data);
});

app.listen(PORT, HOST);
console.log(`Running on http://${HOST}:${PORT}`);

Try run the server

1

node server.js

On the new terminal session type command curl http://localhost:8080. And we should get an output.

1

{"status":"success","message":"Hello World! This api from Node.js"}%

And let’s create an image using Dockerfile like following script

 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

FROM node:16-alpine3.11

# Create app directory
WORKDIR /usr/src/app

# Install app dependencies
# A wildcard is used to ensure both package.json AND package-lock.json are copied
# where available (npm@5+)
COPY package*.json ./

RUN npm install
# If you are building your code for production
# RUN npm ci --only=production

# Bundle app source
COPY . .

EXPOSE 8080

CMD ["node", "server.js"]

• Dockerfile will pull node:16-alpine3.11 images
• Dockerfile create a working directory /usr/src/app
• Dockerfile copy the package*.json into ./ directory, that’s mean all of file where file with the prefix package and postfix .json will copied on working directory
• Dockerfile execute command npm install to install all dependencies
• Dockerfile copy all file inside project directory into working directory
• Dockerfile will expose port 8080
• Dockerfile will run command node server.js

Then we can build an image from Dockerfile by type the following command

1

docker build . -t hello-world-image

Then makesure the image success created

1

docker images

We should get an output

1
2

REPOSITORY                           TAG                                                     IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
hello-world-image                    latest                                                  dd1c9d75c9d6   14 seconds ago   118MB

And then try to run container from hello-world-image and also expose port to host port

1
2

docker run -p 8002:8080 --name hello_world3 -d hello-world-image
docker ps

• Docker create a new container hello_world3 from image hello-world-image

• Docker expose port 8080 from container to 8002 host port and we can access from host

We should get an output

1
2
3
4

CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                           COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS                                       NAMES
d92c8b3cf293   hello-world-image               "docker-entrypoint.s…"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute   0.0.0.0:8002->8080/tcp, :::8002->8080/tcp   hello_world3
ec819086e2a5   piinalpin/sample-node-web-app   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   27 minutes ago       Up 27 minutes       0.0.0.0:8001->8080/tcp, :::8001->8080/tcp   hello_world2
d81a2784edaf   piinalpin/sample-node-web-app   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   About an hour ago    Up About an hour    8080/tcp                                    hello_world

Let’s try the server app by type following command curl http://localhost:8002 and we should get an output

1

{"status":"success","message":"Hello World! This api from Node.js"}%

Stop, Start, Delete Container and Delete Images

If you want to start, stop, delete container and delete image, type the following command

1
2
3
4

docker stop <CONTAINER_NAME>
docker start <CONTAINER_NAME>
docker rm <CONTAINER_NAME>
docker rmi <IMAGE>

Thankyou

Docs Docker - Docker Overview